Primitive reflexes (Moro, sucking, rooting) are observed to assess neurological development. Eyes and ears are examined to rule out malformations or discharge. The spine is checked for deviations or defects. Interaction with the environment is also considered an important sign of overall well-being.All of this helps detect early signs of potential health issues.
During the pediatric physical exam, muscle tone, posture, skin color, and alertness are assessed. The head (shape and fontanelles) is examined, and heart and lungs are auscultated.The abdomen is palpated for masses, and genitals and limbs are inspected.