Hi everyone!

The pediatric physical exam must always be adapted to the child’s age and done in a calm, gentle way, using soft tone and kind gestures. In newborns, it is important to check primitive reflexes like the Moro and grasp reflex, which help to know if the nervous system is working well. The doctor also observes the head shape, fontanelles, and looks for signs of hernias, especially in the abdomen or groin. Eyes, ears, mouth, and skin are examined to find any possible problems, infections, or malformations. The skin color and hydration can also give information about the baby’s general health.

In older children, like those around six to eight years old, the exam is more similar to an adult’s. However, it is still important to use simple words, give explanations, and make the child feel safe and comfortable. Talking to the child and including them in the process helps a lot. The physical exam includes checking the heart and lungs with a stethoscope, feeling the abdomen, and observing the arms and legs for normal function and movement. The doctor also evaluates posture, coordination, and the child’s behavior and emotional reaction during the exam.

Growth charts and developmental milestones are useful to compare the child’s progress with normal standards. Every part of the exam must be done with attention and care to avoid missing important signs. This summary is based on the videos shown in class.