In pediatrics, physical examination is essential, as it allows for the early detection of potential health issues. In newborns, detecting congenital anomalies through facial features, ear positioning, and palate formation is crucial, whereas in older children, cranial nerve function is assessed through eye movements and facial expressions. Moreover, cardiovascular and respiratory assessment includes auscultation for murmurs, pulse checks, and evaluation of breathing patterns, since any abnormalities require prompt medical attention. Additionally, the musculoskeletal exam varies with age: Barlow and Ortolani maneuvers are used to detect hip dysplasia in infants, while strength and range of motion are crucial in later developmental stages. Similarly, neurological assessment involves checking primitive reflexes in neonates and performing coordination tests in older children. Finally, functional evaluation through age- appropriate activities provides valuable insight into motor development. A comprehensive and well-structured pediatric examination is fundamental for ensuring accurate diagnosis.