1. Assessment and Risk Factors in Geriatric Patients

Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) allows for the identification of medical, functional, cognitive, and social impairments characteristic of older adults. Various scales are employed to evaluate basic activities of daily living, cognitive decline, emotional status, and social environment. Common risk factors include polypharmacy, chronic diseases, cognitive impairment, falls, and frailty. The age-related decline in physiological reserves increases vulnerability to adverse outcomes. Moreover, malnutrition and social isolation exacerbate clinical conditions. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial to prevent complications. The main goal is to preserve functional capacity and avoid dependence.

2. Importance of Geriatric Care

Geriatric care is essential in response to the global aging population. It aims to maintain functional autonomy and enhance the quality of life in older adults. The approach is person-centered, focusing on the individual's values and needs beyond disease management. It reduces hospitalizations, medical complications, and public health costs. It promotes an ethical framework, including palliative care and advance care planning. An interdisciplinary team is required to comprehensively address the clinical complexity of this population. Geriatric care is fundamental to ensuring dignified, active, and healthy aging.