Members:

• Chimbay Fernando
• Layedra Katy
• Llango Vanessa
• Rodríguez Rosita

Answer:

 1. Describe the key components of an effective medical interview. What specific skills are essential for establishing rapport with the patient and ensuring accurate information gathering?

   - Key components: An effective medical interview includes:

     - Open-ended questions: To encourage the patient to provide detailed information.

     - Active listening: Paying close attention to the patient's verbal and non-verbal cues.

     - Empathy: Understanding and acknowledging the patient's feelings and concerns.

     - Clear and concise language: Avoiding medical jargon and explaining concepts in a way the patient can understand.

    - Summarization and clarification: Confirming your understanding of the patient's information.

   - Essential skills: Building rapport: Establishing trust and comfort with the patient.

     - Effective communication: Using verbal and non-verbal cues to facilitate open dialogue.

     - Organization: Structuring the interview in a logical and efficient manner.

    - Attention to detail: Noting subtle cues and inconsistencies in the patient's story.

 2. Consider a scenario where a patient is reluctant to share personal health information. What strategies would you employ during the interview to encourage openness and foster effective communication?

   - Strategies: Create a safe and non-judgmental environment: Emphasize confidentiality and respect the patient's privacy.

    - Build trust and rapport: Take time to establish a connection with the patient.

    - Use open-ended questions and reflective listening: Encourage the patient to elaborate on their concerns.

    - Acknowledge and validate their feelings: Show empathy and understanding.

     - Explain the importance of sharing information: Relate how it will help in their care.

    - Be patient and persistent: Allow the patient time to feel comfortable sharing sensitive information.

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

QUESTIONS:

 3. Describe the significance of auscultation during a physical examination. What specific techniques would you use when auscultating the heart and lungs, and what key findings would you listen for?

   - Significance: Auscultation allows the examiner to listen to sounds within the body, providing valuable information about the function of the heart, lungs, and other organs.

   - Techniques: Heart: Listen at specific locations (aortic, pulmonic, tricuspid, mitral) to assess heart sounds, murmurs, and extra heart sounds.

     - Lungs: Listen at various locations on the chest wall, both anteriorly and posteriorly, to assess breath sounds, wheezing, crackles, or other abnormal sounds.

   - Key findings:

    - Heart: Normal heart sounds (S1 and S2), murmurs, gallops, rubs.

     - Lungs: Normal breath sounds (vesicular, bronchial, bronchovesicular), wheezing, crackles (rales), rhonchi, pleural rubs.

 4. Explain the importance of inspecting the skin during a physical examination. What specific skin abnormalities might you observe, and how might these findings guide your differential diagnosis?

   - Importance: Skin inspection can reveal a wide range of conditions, from infections and allergies to systemic diseases.

   - Specific abnormalities:

     - Rashes: Can indicate allergies, infections, or autoimmune conditions.

    - Lesions: Can be indicative of skin cancer, infections, or other dermatological conditions.

     - Color changes: Jaundice (yellowing) suggests liver problems, cyanosis (bluish) suggests oxygen deficiency.

     - Temperature changes: Warmth can indicate inflammation, coldness can indicate poor circulation.

     - Texture changes: Dryness, roughness, or thickening can indicate various skin conditions.

   - Differential diagnosis: Skin findings, combined with other symptoms and medical history, help narrow down the possible diagnoses. For example, a rash with fever might suggest an infection, while a rash with joint pain might suggest an autoimmune disease.