The identification and management of preconceptional risks is a fundamental public health strategy, as recognized by organizations such as the World Health Organization (OMS), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and various maternal health clinical guidelines. These risks such as uncontrolled chronic conditions (e.g., diabetes, hypertension), malnutrition, obesity, and the use of alcohol, tobacco, or drugs are clearly associated with an increased risk of obstetric complications, congenital anomalies, and adverse perinatal outcomes.

Multiple studies show that effective preconception care significantly improves maternal and fetal health, reduces neonatal mortality, and allows for informed decision-making regarding pregnancy. Additionally, preconception assessment offers a critical opportunity for education on sexual and reproductive health, as well as for timely genetic screening in couples with a family history of hereditary diseases.