Preconceptional risks are indeed critical to address before a woman becomes pregnant. Many factors that can negatively impact pregnancy outcomes, like uncontrolled diabetes, hypertension, obesity, infections, poor diet, smoking, or alcohol use, can be present prior to conception and often continue unnoticed unless specifically assessed.

Why it matters:

Organ development happens early: The most critical stages of fetal development occur in the first few weeks of pregnancy — often before a woman even knows she's pregnant. Exposure to harmful factors during this period can lead to congenital anomalies or miscarriage.

Chronic disease control improves outcomes: Managing conditions like diabetes, epilepsy, or thyroid disordersbefore pregnancy can significantly reduce the risk of complications such as birth defects, preterm birth, or maternal health crises.

Lifestyle changes take time: Nutritional improvements, stopping smoking or alcohol use, or starting folic acid supplements are all more effective when done in advance, rather than waiting until after pregnancy has begun.

Health education and planning: Preconception care gives individuals and couples a chance to discuss family planning, genetic risks, and health goals with a provider, allowing them to optimize their health and prepareemotionally, physically, and financially for a healthy pregnancy.