Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a common viral illness that primarily affects infants and children under the age of five. It is most frequently caused by Coxsackievirus A16, though other enteroviruses such as Enterovirus 71 can also be responsible. The disease typically begins with fever, sore throat, and malaise, followed by the development of painful sores in the mouth and a characteristic rash on the hands and feet.
Transmission and Contagiousness: HFMD spreads through direct contact with nasal discharge, saliva, blister fluid, stool, or respiratory droplets from an infected individual. It is highly contagious, particularly in the first week of illness. Outbreaks are common in settings such as daycare centers due to the close contact among children.
Symptoms:
- Fever and sore throat: Often the first signs.
- Painful mouth sores: Appear on the tongue, gums, and inside of the cheeks.
- Skin rash: Flat or raised red spots, sometimes with blisters, typically on palms, soles, and occasionally on the buttocks.
Diagnosis and Management: Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic symptoms and appearance. Treatment is supportive, focusing on hydration, pain relief, and fever control. Most cases resolve within 7 to 10 days without complications.
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