A good argument can be considered logical when it is valid and solid; when the conclusion can be deduced from the premises in a logical way. In other words, if the premises are correct, the conclusion must also be true. Nevertheless, this is correct as long as the premises are true in real life. For instance, a famous syllogism can be mention here: "All humans are mortal. Socrates is a human being. Therefore, Socrates is mortal." As can be seen, this is a good argument because it demonstrates validation in form and has true premises as required. Good arguments also avoid fallacies, ambiguity, or emotional manipulation because they demand clarity, structure, and truth.
Furthermore, it is reasonable to accept a premise when there is strong evidence or enough justification to support it. Premises can come from empirical observations, established facts, or commonly accepted definitions. To illustrate, in categorical logic, a statement such as “All mammals are warm-blooded” is a premise that people can accept because it is scientifically supported. However, society should not trust vague, slanted or unfounded premises. Accepting these kinds of premises debilitates critical thinking and can lead to invalid conclusions. A good thinker asks for the source of this assertion, and wonders if there is any reason to doubt it.
Regarding the experience when I had to refute an argument and the strategies I used, I think this has happened when someone expresses a comment and makes it general, as if all human beings act like that or do it. In that case, I mention some examples, situations or people doing the exact opposite to show them that their argument was wrong. I prove that they cannot judge everyone just because of a few cases they have experienced.
Finally, categorial logic is about relationships between categories or groups using statements such as “All”, ‘No’ or “Some”. It focuses on syllogisms, which are arguments created from three categorical statements: two premises and a conclusion. For example: All teachers are professionals. All professionals need training. Therefore, all teachers need training. On the other hand, propositional logic focuses on propositions or complete statements and how they are connected through the use of logical operators such as:
Furthermore, it is reasonable to accept a premise when there is strong evidence or enough justification to support it. Premises can come from empirical observations, established facts, or commonly accepted definitions. To illustrate, in categorical logic, a statement such as “All mammals are warm-blooded” is a premise that people can accept because it is scientifically supported. However, society should not trust vague, slanted or unfounded premises. Accepting these kinds of premises debilitates critical thinking and can lead to invalid conclusions. A good thinker asks for the source of this assertion, and wonders if there is any reason to doubt it.
Regarding the experience when I had to refute an argument and the strategies I used, I think this has happened when someone expresses a comment and makes it general, as if all human beings act like that or do it. In that case, I mention some examples, situations or people doing the exact opposite to show them that their argument was wrong. I prove that they cannot judge everyone just because of a few cases they have experienced.
Finally, categorial logic is about relationships between categories or groups using statements such as “All”, ‘No’ or “Some”. It focuses on syllogisms, which are arguments created from three categorical statements: two premises and a conclusion. For example: All teachers are professionals. All professionals need training. Therefore, all teachers need training. On the other hand, propositional logic focuses on propositions or complete statements and how they are connected through the use of logical operators such as:
- Conjunction (and): True only if both parts are true.
- Disjunction (or): True if at least one part is true.
- Conditional (if...then): False only if the first part is true and the second part is false.