Pediatric evaluation is a comprehensive process essential to ensure children's proper development and well-being. In newborns, the assessment begins with measuring vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, and temperature. General observation of the infant's condition, including skin temperature and responsiveness, is also critical. Head and neck examination includes head circumference measurement and detection of abnormalities. Facial features should be assessed, including ear placement, nasal patency, and oral inspection. Abdominal and genital evaluation helps identify hernias and developmental concerns; Barlow and Ortolani maneuvers screen for hip dysplasia. Neurological evaluation focuses on muscle tone, primitive reflexes, and spinal inspection. 

In older children, vital signs include respiratory rate and oxygen saturation. Vision and hearing tests are essential for early detection of sensory deficits. A thorough physical exam covers skin integrity, muscle strength, and cardiopulmonary auscultation. Neurological and coordination tests help assess cognitive and motor development. System-specific exams focus on detecting respiratory or cardiovascular issues. Maintaining effective communication with the family supports treatment adherence. Concluding the evaluation with gratitude and openness to questions fosters a supportive healthcare relationship.