Students:
- Conterón Jesús
- Ocaña Yolanda
- Soto Andrea
- Vaca Nadsheli
- Velasco Alan
1.- Create a connection with a warm greeting, introduce yourself, and use the patient’s name. Ask open-ended questions like, "What brings you in today?" to establish a comfortable environment. Listen actively by nodding, summarizing, and providing feedback. Clarify and repeat key points to confirm understanding. Show empathy and respect cultural differences to create a welcoming atmosphere. Keep the interview structured but flexible. Maintain eye contact and use open body language.
2.- Effective communication between a doctor and a patient requires creating a trusting environment through active listening and respect. The healthcare professional should use understandable language, maintain an open posture, and validate the patient's feelings without judgment. It is crucial to start with open-ended questions, demonstrate genuine interest, and ensure confidentiality to overcome barriers such as fear or embarrassment. Empathy, combined with a clear explanation of the purpose of the interview, helps build a safe space that encourages honest and comprehensive dialogue, which is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
3.- Auscultation is essential for assessing the heart and lungs. For the heart, you should listen to the aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid, and mitral areas. The diaphragm of the stethoscope is used for detecting high-pitched sounds, while the bell is used for low-pitched sounds. Important findings include normal heart sounds (S1, S2), murmurs, and pericardial rubs. For the lungs, auscultation is performed with the patient sitting, comparing both sides of the chest. It is important to check for normal sounds (vesicular breath sounds) and abnormal sounds such as crackles, rhonchi, and wheezing. This assessment helps identify conditions such as heart failure, pneumonia, asthma, and pleural effusions.
4.- This is important because the skin is a vital organ that can reflect systemic or localized diseases. Signs such as jaundice, cyanosis, erythema, changes in texture, turgor, or edema can be identified. These findings may suggest liver disease, neoplasia, dehydration, or other underlying conditions, guiding the differential diagnosis and determining the need for further testing.